Explore the legal concept of “Universal Jurisdiction.” How might it conflict with the concept of “national sovereignty?” Is there a way to respect national sovereignty and also protect groups of people who are targets of their own government?

Read Hemingway’s For Whom The Bell Tolls. Discuss in light of what you learned from the film about the long-term impact of Franco’s rule.

Compare/contrast the results of Spain’s choice to forget with results achieved by nations that have opted for public truth and reconciliation initiatives (e.g., South Africa or Rwanda).

Compare/contrast the experience and current status of nations where crimes against humanity have been prosecuted (e.g., Argentina) and nations where the ruling party of the perpetrators remained in power (e.g., Indonesia).

Study the Spanish Civil War and why many historians view it as a precursor to WWII. Why did some 35,000 volunteers from around the world join the war? Do you observe any parallels between Franco’s rise to power and the rise of conservative populist governments today?